Pool Chemical Calculator

Type in your test strip or kit readings and get a dosing plan in the right order, with the amount of each product and what to buy.

Units
gal

Total water in the pool, not the size of the shell.

Don't know your gallons? Calculate it
Shape
ft
ft
ft

Shallow end plus deep end, divided by two. About 4.5 ft (1.4 m) for a typical backyard pool.

About 19,150 gal (72,491 L)

Sanitizer
Water
ppm

Ideal 2.25 to 3.5 ppm. Minimum scales with CYA. Below range.

ppm

Total minus free is combined chlorine (want under 0.4).

Ideal 7.4 to 7.6

ppm

Ideal 80 to 100 ppm

ppm

Ideal 200 to 400 ppm

ppm

Ideal 30 to 50 ppm

°F

Used for the saturation index (LSI).

10.2 fl oz in 10,000 gal raises free chlorine by 1 ppm. sodium hypochlorite, trade percent (g available chlorine per 100 mL).

2.6 fl oz in 10,000 gal lowers TA by 1 ppm. hydrochloric acid by weight, 20 Baume, density 1.157 g/mL.

Your dosing plan

3adjustments, in this order

  • Free chlorine 2 ppm is under the 2.25 ppm minimum for CYA 30 ppm.
  • Raise total alkalinity

    Total alkalinity: 70 to 90 ppm. Acceptable, but outside the ideal band.

    4.2 lb

    Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)

    1.9 kg, 67.2 oz, about 8.1 cups

    Alkalinity buffers pH. Low TA lets pH swing and corrodes surfaces; fix it before pH.

    Raises total alkalinity by about 20 ppm.

    Raises pH.

    Then: Run the pump and retest after 24 hours (Indiana state guide). Retest TA, then pH.

  • Lower pH

    pH: 7.8 to 7.5. Acceptable, but outside the ideal band.

    14.1 fl oz

    Muriatic acid 31.45% (20 Baume)

    416 mL, 1.8 cups

    Buy: 1 x 1 gal jug

    Chlorine works best at 7.2 to 7.8; above that far less of it is the active form.

    Also lowers total alkalinity by about 3.7 ppm.

    Lowers total alkalinity by about 4 ppm.

    Lowers pH.

    Then: Keep the pump running for at least one hour after adding acid (HASA label). Retest pH and TA.

  • Raise free chlorine

    Free chlorine: 2 to 3.5 ppm. Outside the acceptable range.

    23 fl oz

    Liquid chlorine 12.5%

    681 mL, 2.9 cups

    Buy: 1 x 1 gal jug

    Free chlorine 2 ppm is under the minimum of 2.25 ppm for a CYA of 30 ppm.

    Adds about 1 ppm salt.

    Raises pH.

    Then: Add in the evening or after swimmers leave; retest after circulating. Retest FC.

In range, leave alone: calcium hardness, cyanuric acid.

FC2.0 ppm low
0.0ideal 2.3 to 3.5 ppm12.0
pH7.8 in range
6.6ideal 7.4 to 7.68.4
TA70 ppm in range
0ideal 80 to 100 ppm200
CH250 ppm in range
0ideal 200 to 400 ppm800
CYA30 ppm in range
0ideal 30 to 50 ppm120

Free chlorine and CYA. At CYA 30 ppm the minimum is 2.25 ppm, a comfortable target 3.5 ppm and the SLAM level 12 ppm. Older labels say a flat 1 to 3 ppm; see the FC and CYA table.

Saturation index (LSI). Now +0.04 (balanced), after this plan about -0.15 (balanced). Balanced is -0.3 to +0.3. Try other numbers in the LSI calculator.

What to buy

15,000 gal pool, dosing plan from your test results

QuantityItem
4.2lb

Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)

14.06fl oz

Muriatic acid 31.45% (20 Baume)

Buy: 1 x 1 gal jug

23.04fl oz

Liquid chlorine 12.5%

Buy: 1 x 1 gal jug

The math
  1. Total alkalinity

    15,000 gal ÷ 10,000 × 20 ppm × 2.2 oz per ppm per 10,000 gal = 4.2 lb

  2. pH

    carbonate model at TA 70 ppm, CYA 30 ppm, pH 7.8 to 7.5 = 14.1 fl oz

  3. Free chlorine

    15,000 gal ÷ 10,000 × 1.5 ppm × 10.2 fl oz per ppm per 10,000 gal = 23 fl oz

Doses are for the current readings. Add chemicals in parts, circulate, and retest, because product strength, temperature and the real volume of your pool all move the answer.
Before you pour: never mix chlorine and acid, and never mix different chlorine products. Add chemicals to the water, never water to chemicals. Add one product at a time, run the pump, and retest after the water has circulated. Follow the label of the product you bought if it differs.

Pool chemical chart: target levels

Ideal and acceptable ranges for a chlorine pool, from PHTA and ANSI/APSP-11 for the ideal band and the CDC Model Aquatic Health Code for the limits. It follows the sanitizer and CYA you enter above.

TestIdealAcceptableTo raiseTo lower
Free chlorine2.3 to 3.5 ppm2.3 to any ppmLiquid chlorine, cal-hypo, dichlor or trichlorTime and sunlight; stop adding
Combined chlorine0 to 0 ppmany to 0 ppm-Breakpoint chlorination or SLAM
pH7.4 to 7.67.2 to 7.8Soda ashMuriatic acid or dry acid
Total alkalinity80 to 100 ppm60 to 180 ppmBaking sodaAcid, then aerate
Calcium hardness200 to 400 ppm150 to 2,500 ppmCalcium chlorideReplace water
Cyanuric acid (stabilizer)30 to 50 ppmany to 90 ppmCyanuric acid (stabilizer)Replace water

Free chlorine by cyanuric acid level

Stabilizer slows chlorine down, so the free chlorine you need rises with it. We use the Trouble Free Pool ratios (minimum 7.5% of CYA, target 11.5%, shock 40%) with a floor of 1 ppm. PHTA and the manuals quote a fixed 1 to 4 ppm.

CYAMinimum FCTarget FCSLAM FC
0 ppm1 ppm2 ppmno CYA
20 ppm1.5 ppm2.5 ppm8 ppm
30 ppm2.25 ppm3.5 ppm12 ppm
40 ppm3 ppm4.5 ppm16 ppm
50 ppm3.75 ppm6 ppm20 ppm
60 ppm4.5 ppm7 ppm24 ppm
80 ppm6 ppm9 ppm32 ppm
100 ppm7.5 ppm11.5 ppm40 ppm

Printable pool test log

A blank log with your target ranges printed under each test. Keep it by the pump, write the date, the reading and what you added.

Enter what your test strip or kit says and this calculator lists what to add, in the order to add it, with amounts for the product you actually own. For a 15,000 gallon pool with free chlorine 2 ppm, pH 7.8, total alkalinity 70 ppm, calcium 250 ppm and CYA 30 ppm the plan is 4.2 lb of baking soda, then 14.1 fl oz of 31.45% muriatic acid, then 23 fl oz of 12.5% liquid chlorine. Leave a field blank and it is skipped.

How the plan is calculated

Every dose is the pool's volume times the change you want times the amount of product that moves one ppm:

Product = gallons ÷ 10,000 × ppm change × product per ppm per 10,000 gal

Per 10,000 gal, 1 ppm of free chlorine is 10.24 fl oz of 12.5% liquid chlorine. Raising alkalinity 10 ppm takes 1.40 lb of baking soda, and raising calcium 10 ppm takes 1.20 lb of 77% calcium chloride. The acid dose for pH is different: it depends on how much alkalinity and stabilizer buffer the water, so we use the carbonate model and your own TA and CYA, and the answer is "about". Pour a part, circulate and retest.

The order of the steps

The list runs total alkalinity, pH, calcium, stabilizer, salt, chlorine. Alkalinity comes first because it holds pH steady, and pH decides how much of your chlorine is active. The Indiana health department's guide puts chlorine first and the alkalinity steps after it. We follow that in one case: if free chlorine is under 1 ppm (3 ppm in a spa), the chlorine step is marked and moved to the top, because unsafe water cannot wait for a pH fix.

Free chlorine depends on CYA

A flat "1 to 3 ppm" is what many labels and the Hayward and CircuPool manuals print. PHTA quotes 2 to 4 ppm, and the CDC code asks 2 ppm when CYA is used. Trouble Free Pool and Orenda tie chlorine to stabilizer: minimum 7.5% of CYA, working target 11.5%. Stabilizer slows chlorine's kill rate, so at CYA 30 the plan uses a minimum of 2.25 ppm and a target of 3.5 ppm, and at CYA 60 the target is nearly 7. We follow the ratio and print the fixed numbers beside it; the table below the calculator shows both. Salt pools get a lower ratio because a generator makes chlorine all day.

Cyanuric acid, alkalinity and calcium ranges

Ideal bands come from PHTA and ANSI/APSP-11, with the CDC Model Aquatic Health Code as the acceptable limits. Total alkalinity is 80 to 100 ppm with liquid chlorine, cal-hypo or a salt cell, and 100 to 120 ppm with dichlor, trichlor or bromine; the limits are 60 to 180 ppm. Pool forums run lower, around 50 to 90 ppm, because cyanurate counts in the reading. CYA is 30 to 50 ppm for chlorine pools, the cell's own manual for salt pools (Hayward 60 to 80 ppm, Pentair 30 to 50 ppm), and a warning above 90 ppm, the CDC ceiling. Calcium is 200 to 400 ppm.

SLAM box

Turn on the SLAM switch for green, cloudy or algae water, or enter total chlorine so the calculator can work out combined chlorine (total minus free). Above 0.4 ppm combined chlorine the SLAM box appears on its own. At CYA 40 and FC 2 ppm the shock level is 16 ppm (40% of CYA), which is 14 ppm more, or 1.68 gal of 12.5% liquid chlorine in 15,000 gal. Hold it until combined chlorine is 0.5 ppm or lower, overnight loss is 1 ppm or less and the water is clear. Use liquid chlorine, because dichlor and trichlor add CYA. Above CYA 80 ppm the level is impractical: drain first.

Chart, log and app

The pool chemical chart below lists every target and what raises or lowers it. The printable test log has your target range under each column, so write down each test and dose and keep it by the pump. The results update as you type and everything stays on this device, so it works like an app on your phone without an install. It replaces a spreadsheet: the same formulas, with the arithmetic done.

The next question

After the plan, check saturation in the LSI calculator. For one chemical, go deeper with the pool shock calculator, pool alkalinity calculator, pool pH calculator or pool stabilizer calculator. If the gallons are a guess, use the pool volume calculator. All tools are listed in pool chemistry.